Washington • The Museum of the Bible, a massive new institution opening next month here just south of the National Mall, is just as notable for what it includes — vivid walk-through re-creations of the ancient world, one of the world’s largest private collections of Torahs, a motion ride that sprays water at you, a garden of biblical plants — as for what it leaves out.
The $500 million museum, leed and largely funded by the conservative Christian family that owns Hobby Lobby, doesn’t actually say a word about the Bible’s views on sexuality or contraception. The museum doesn’t encourage visitors to take the Bible literally, or to believe that the Bible has only one correct form. And in floor after gleaming floor of exhibitions, there’s very little Jesus.
This isn’t the evangelism that the billionaire Green family members first promised a decade ago when they set out to build a museum dedicated to Scripture. At the time, the museum’s mission statement promised to “bring to life the living word of God. . . to inspire confidence in the absolute authority” of the Bible, the book at the institution’s center.
The approach today, while still viewed with skepticism by some scholars, appears to be more modest: “The museum has fenceposts — limits. It doesn’t overtly say the Bible is good — that the Bible is true,” said Steve Green, the CEO of Hobby Lobby and the chair of the museum. “That’s not its role. Its role is to present facts and let people make their own decisions.”
Much has changed in the years since the Greens started building the Bible museum. Their company became a byword not just for craft supplies but also for their religious freedom battle at the Supreme Court against all forms of mandatory contraception coverage. The family members’ lightning-fast acquisition of troves of historic artifacts wound up in federal court, landing them a $3 million fine for trafficking in thousands of smuggled goods. And Washington changed, too — from a capital where white evangelical Christians felt they were under attack, to one where the man they voted for in overwhelming numbers, Donald Trump, is shaking up the halls of power just blocks from the new museum.
In this new moment in America, the museum that will open Nov. 17 has a simpler message for the nation, a pitch that seems to have more to do with capturing the attention of a distracted populace than with saving souls. All the museum asks about the Bible: Just try reading it.
A curiosity shop
The museum, which will be among the largest in a city full of museums, presents broad, sometimes abstract concepts about the Bible, communicated through cutting-edge technology and immersive experiences:
Children’s arcade games about “courage.” A sensory room with images of animals, minor-key music and creaking boat sounds meant to evoke the “chaos” onboard Noah’s Ark (a marked contrast from the Ark Encounter recently opened in Kentucky, which presents a life-size literal vision of Genesis). And many, many examples of the Bible’s impact on everything, from calendar systems to fashion to language — most presented without overt judgment on whether that influence was good or bad.
The point, staff members say, is simply to engage an America that is losing connection with the Bible.
“Our goal isn’t to give answers but to arouse curiosity,” said Seth Pollinger, a biblical scholar who is director of the 430,000-square-foot museum’s content.
The nonprofit museum’s projects also include a high school Bible curriculum that organizers hope will be used in schools around the world and a research arm that invites scholars to study the Greens’ massive collection of artifacts. Admission to the museum will be free to the public.
Mark Noll, one of the country’s most prominent experts on American Christian history, served as an adviser. He compared the Museum of the Bible to the Newseum, another huge private museum.
“Obviously the museum is there to make people think better or think kindly about the effects of Scripture in U.S. history,” he said. “But I did think they were trying to be as nonpartisan as they could.”
Some remain skeptical of the museum’s neutral viewpoint. At the Society of Biblical Literature, the largest association of biblical scholars, officer Steven Friesen said that there’s debate in the academic community about whether to do research involving the Greens’ collection. He would advise fellow scholars to steer clear.
Friesen hasn’t seen the museum yet, but he believes from reading the website that its materials subtly promote a singular version of Scripture; indeed, the museum mostly omits discussion about how the Bible was compiled, and which religious traditions believe which disputed books belong in the Bible. And museum staff say the place for discussing controversial issues like sexuality and abortion, which aren’t mentioned in the exhibits, might be at events hosted at the museum; Friesen believes those events are meant to draw in influential people to hear the Greens’ take on the culture wars.
“My guess is that they’ve worked very hard at covering what they would like to do, trying to hide the agenda that is behind the museum,” he said, defining that agenda as the promotion of their deep faith in the literal truth of the Bible.
The King’s speech
The Bible has shaped cultures from Africa to Asia, Muslim to Mormon. But the 20-member leadership of the museum is almost entirely white, male and evangelical.
Grant Wacker, an expert on Christian history, said that he declined an invitation to join the museum’s leadership team because officials asked him to sign a statement of faith. Wacker said he considers himself an evangelical Christian but the statement went too far for him. “It stressed, shall we say, factual accuracy [of the Bible] more than I could endorse,” he said.
Instead, he agreed to be one of the many scholars from diverse religious traditions to weigh in on drafts of some of the museum displays. The leadership team sought input repeatedly during the three-year construction process from experts from Protestant, Catholic, Jewish and secular backgrounds.
Pollinger said that originally, the museum planned to discuss historical evidence that demonstrates proof of the stories in the Bible. Eventually, the team decided to drop that idea; instead, the historical section now documents the Bible’s spread across the world, and even shows the Bible’s roots in other ancient cultures, opening the door to the suggestion that biblical stories predate Judaism and Christianity.
When the leaders sought input from African-American scholars, they revised their panel on the importance of the biblical Exodus story, spirituals and black churches in fortifying the African-American community during and after slavery. With the input of Jewish scholars, they added lines to the script of a film that viewers can watch at the museum, so that it includes not just Protestant biblical interpretation but also more context about the development of the rabbinic Talmud.
The team dodged a host of modern-day controversial topics by ending its tapestry that illustrates American history in 1963 with Martin Luther King’s “I Have a Dream” speech (rich in Bible verses).
Bible boom
Housed in a former design center at 4th and D streets SW, the museum is built to awe from the first moment, when visitors pass through two 40-foot, 2.5-ton bronze doors showing the text of Genesis 1 — backward, in Latin.. The feeling inside is just as soaring, with much of the interior made of imported Jerusalem Stone.
The museum could quickly become a popular draw for evangelical families — about a quarter of the U.S. population — where the Bible is daily reading in many homes. In a 2014 Pew Research Center poll, 45 percent of Americans said they seldom or never read Scripture, but 63 percent of evangelicals said they read it at least once a week.
But some conservative evangelicals might be frustrated with parts of the museum, both in what is and isn’t there. This museum doesn’t try to prove the historical veracity of the Bible or argue that the Earth is about 6,000 years old like the Creation Museum in Kentucky. It devotes a display to the Virgin Mary, a biblical figure who evangelicals believe has been elevated too highly by Catholics. “Some people are going to walk up and say, ‘That’s not the Bible,’ “ Pollinger said about the historic paintings in the museum that depict Mary as a saint.
Jesus is also curiously not central to the museum’s presentation of the biblical story. Visitors walk through a multiroom saga of the Old Testament, and can visit a recreation of a first-century village in Galilee where actors will tell them what the villagers think of this controversial preacher Jesus. They can watch a movie about John the Baptist. But the story of Jesus’s crucifixion and resurrection is almost absent.
The museum opens at a moment of fierce conflicts about religion — from Trump’s comments about athletes kneeling during the national anthem, to the battle between conservative religious rights and LGBT rights, to a host of other sensitive issues. Pollinger said many advisers to the museum were motivated by a desire to soothe the supercharged climate around religion in American public life.
“Rather than fragment into greater hostility, this is a time to find out how we can work for the good,” Pollinger said. “This is a time to . . . find out how we can learn from difference.”
The question for the museum and its small army of diverse advisers will be how well it can balance its stated goal of being nonsectarian with the history of its leadership.
Mark DeMoss, a museum board member and prominent evangelical public relations executive, said people just need to get in the door and see for themselves.
“I know no one person or two or three people are responsible for the story of how the Bible is being told in this museum. It’s the product of dozens and dozens of people from a wide range of backgrounds,” he said. “The fact that it is as broad and ecumenical and nonsectarian as it is, I think there will be criticism from the religious left and the religious right — which would mean to me that we probably got it just about right.”
